Stem Cell Therapy for Neurological diseases

Stroke is a serious and life-threatening medical condition that occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is blocked. Like all organs, the brain requires oxygen and nutrients provided by blood to function properly. When blood supply is restricted or interrupted, brain cells begin to die. This can lead to brain damage, disability, and death.

There are two main causes of stroke:
(1) Ischemic – when blood supply is interrupted due to a blood clot (accounts for 85% of all cases);
(2) Hemorrhagic – when weakened blood vessels supplying the brain burst.

Parkinson’s disease is caused by the loss of nerve cells in a part of the brain called the substantia nigra. This leads to a decrease in a chemical called dopamine in the brain. Dopamine plays an important role in regulating body movements. A decrease in dopamine is responsible for many of the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. The exact cause of nerve cell loss is unclear. (Genetic factors and environmental factors)

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a broad term describing excess and prolonged pain and inflammation that can occur following an injury or other medical event such as surgery, trauma, stroke, or heart attack. Although CRPS can occur anywhere in the body, it usually affects an arm, leg, hand, or foot. 

When pain becomes persistent and chronic, it can lead to maladaptive brain and immune responses. This can cause other symptoms that control temperature, blood supply, and sweating. Additionally, altered movement behavior and fear of movement can reinforce incorrect movements and lead to secondary problems such as persistent pain, weakness, and decreased independence.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease. In multiple sclerosis, the immune system attacks the layer that surrounds and protects nerves, called myelin. This leaves scars on the sheath and potentially damages the nerves. This means that messages traveling along the nerves are slowed down or stopped. It’s unclear exactly what causes the immune system to behave this way, but most experts believe it involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Motor neuron disease is a rare condition that causes progressive damage to part of the nervous system. This often leads to muscle weakness with visible wasting. Motor neuron disease, also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), occurs when motor neurons, specialized nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, do not function properly. This is known as neurodegeneration.

Muscular dystrophies are a group of diseases that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass. It is a disease that occurs when abnormal genes (mutations) interfere with the production of proteins necessary to form healthy muscles. There are many different types of muscular dystrophy. All types of muscular dystrophy worsen slowly, but the rate at which they occur varies widely. Duchenne muscular dystrophy, which occurs in boys, is very fatal. Other types cause little disability and have normal lifespans.

Dystonia is the medical term for a variety of movement disorders that cause muscle spasms and contractions. Cramps and contractions may be continuous or come and go. The movements are often repetitive and cause abnormal, awkward, and sometimes painful postures. Tremors (shaking) may also be a characteristic of some types of dystonia. Dystonia is thought to be a neurological condition (caused by underlying problems in the brain and nervous system). However, in most cases brain functions such as intelligence, memory and language are not affected.

Peripheral neuropathy, a result of peripheral nerve damage, often causes weakness, numbness, and pain in the hands and feet. It may also affect other parts of the body. The peripheral nervous system sends information from the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system) to the rest of the body.

Causes of peripheral neuropathy include diabetes, chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, genetic disorders, inflammatory infections, autoimmune diseases, protein abnormalities, exposure to toxic chemicals (toxic neuropathy), nutritional deficiencies, renal failure, chronic alcoholism, Certain medications, etc.

Ataxia is a neurological manifestation consisting of a lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that may include gait abnormalities, speech changes, and eye movement abnormalities. Persistent ataxia is usually caused by damage to the part of the brain that controls muscle coordination (the cerebellum). Many conditions can cause ataxia, including alcohol abuse, certain drugs, stroke, tumors, cerebral palsy, brain degeneration, and multiple sclerosis.